Understanding sinusitis
Sinuses are spaces in the bones around the nose and forehead that connect to the nasal cavity. Swelling of their lining can interfere with drainage. Symptoms may include congestion, facial pressure, reduced smell, discharge and fever. One symptom alone does not establish the diagnosis.
Acute and chronic symptoms
Acute sinusitis lasts under four weeks; chronic disease requires at least twelve weeks with evidence of inflammation. Persistent or worsening symptoms need assessment. Facial pressure or headache can have another cause, including migraine.
Could it be an allergy?
Sneezing, an itchy nose, watery discharge and itchy or watery eyes after exposure to pollen, dust or animals may suggest allergic rhinitis. Allergy can coexist with sinusitis. Identifying triggers and reducing exposure may help; persistent symptoms or disruption to sleep and daily life warrants assessment.
Choosing treatment
Many short episodes follow viral infections and do not require antibiotics. Depending on the findings, treatment may include a steroid nasal spray, allergy treatment or supportive care. Rest, fluids and avoiding smoke may help. Use medicines as advised and do not self-treat with leftover antibiotics.
Rinsing safely
Saline can help clear mucus and irritants. Use sterile, distilled or boiled and cooled water, never untreated tap water. Keep hands and equipment clean, wash and dry the device after use and follow its instructions.
When to ask about irrigation
Consult a clinician before irrigation with reduced immunity, and obtain age-appropriate advice for children. Stop and seek advice for pain, bleeding or worsening symptoms. Use suitable saline; plain water may irritate the nose.
Assessment and surgery
Persistent cases may need endoscopy or CT, unlike uncomplicated episodes. Surgery is generally not used for acute disease. Selected chronic cases uncontrolled by appropriate treatment may benefit from improved drainage, with ongoing medical care still needed.
When to seek help
Seek prompt care for marked illness, worsening symptoms or uncontrolled pain. Reduced immunity warrants earlier advice. Recurrent or one-sided symptoms need assessment. Note symptom duration and previous medicines before the visit.